forgive sins

ἁμαρτία, ίας, ἡ (w. mngs. ranging fr. involuntary mistake/ error to serious offenses against a deity: Aeschyl., Antiphon, Democr.+; ins fr. Cyzicus JHS 27, 1907, p. 63 [III B.C.] ἁμαρτίαν μετανόει; PLips 119 recto, 3; POxy 1119, 11; LXX; En, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; JosAs 12:14; ParJer, ApcEsdr, ApcSed, ApcMos; EpArist 192; Philo; Jos., Ant. 13, 69 al.; Ar. [Milne 76, 42]; Just., A I, 61, 6; 10; 66, 1, D. 13, 1 al.; Tat. 14, 1f; 20, 1; Mel., P. 50, 359; 55, 400; s. ClR 24, 1910, 88; 234; 25, 1911, 195–97).

① a departure fr. either human or divine standards of uprightness

ⓐ sin (w. context ordinarily suggesting the level of heinousness), the action itself (ἁμάρτησις s. prec.), as well as its result (ἁμάρτημα), πᾶσα ἀδικία ἁ. ἐστίν 1J 5:17 (cp. Eur., Or. 649; Gen 50:17). ἁ. w. ἀνομήματα Hv 1, 3, 1; descr. as ἀνομία (cp. Ps 58:3; TestJob 43:17) 1J 3:4; but one who loves is far from sin Pol 3:3, cp. Js 5:20; 1 Pt 4:8, 1 Cl 49:5; Agr 13. ἀναπληρῶσαι τὰς ἁ. fill up the measure of sins (Gen 15:16) 1 Th 2:16. κοινωνεῖν ἁ. ἀλλοτρίαις 1 Ti 5:22. ποιεῖν ἁ. commit a sin (Tob 12:10; 14:7S; Dt 9:21) 2 Cor 11:7; 1 Pt 2:22; Js 5:15; 1J 3:4, 8. For this ἁμαρτάνειν ἁ. (Ex 32:30; La 1:8) 1J 5:16; ἐργάζεσθαι ἁ. Js 2:9; Hm 4, 1, 2 (LXX oft. ἐργάζ. ἀδικίαν or ἀνομίαν). μεγάλην ἁ. ἐργάζεσθαι commit a great sin m 4, 1, 1; 8:2. Pl. (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a τὰ μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα κ. ἀδικήματα) Hs 7:2. ἐπιφέρειν ἁ. τινί Hv 1, 2, 4. ἑαυτῷ ἁ. ἐπιφέρειν bring sin upon oneself m 11:4; for this ἁ. ἐπισπᾶσθαί τινι m 4, 1, 8 (cp. Is 5:18). προστιθέναι ταῖς ἁ. add to one’s sins (cp. προσέθηκεν ἁμαρτίας ἐφʼ ἁμαρτίας PsSol 3:10) Hv 5:7; m 4, 3, 7; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 11, 3; φέρειν ἁ. 1 Cl 16:4 (Is 53:4). ἀναφέρειν vs. 14 (Is 53:12). γέμειν ἁμαρτιῶν B 11:11. εἶναι ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις 1 Cor 15:17 (cp. Alex. Aphr., Eth. Probl. 9 II 2 p. 129, 13 ἐν ἁμαρτήμασιν εἶναι).—Sin viewed from the perspective of God’s or Christ’s response: ἀφιέναι τὰς ἁ. let go = forgive sins (Lev 4:20 al.) Mt 9:2, 5f; Mk 2:5, 7, 9f; Lk 5:20ff; Hv 2, 2, 4; 1 Cl 50:5; 53:5 (Ex 32:32) al. (ἀφίημι 2); hence ἄφεσις (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν (Iren. 1, 21, 2 [Harv. I 182, 4]) forgiveness of sins Mt 26:28; Mk 1:4; Lk 1:77; 3:3; 24:47; Ac 2:38; 5:31; 10:43; 13:38; Hm 4, 3, 2; B 5:1; 6:11; 8:3; 11:1; 16:8. διδόναι ἄφεσιν ἁ. AcPl Ha 2, 30; λαβεῖν ἄφεσιν ἁ. receive forgiveness of sins Ac 26:18 (Just., D. 54 al); καθαρίζειν τὰς ἁ. cleanse the sins (thought of as a stain) Hs 5, 6, 3; καθαρίζειν ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 18:3 (Ps 50:4; cp. Sir 23:10; PsSol 10:1); also καθαρισμὸν ποιεῖσθαι τῶν ἁ. Hb 1:3; ἀπολούεσθαι τὰς ἁ. Ac 22:16 ([w. βαπτίζειν] Just., D. 13, 1 al.). λύτρον ἁ. ransom for sins B 19:10.—αἴρειν J 1:29; περιελεῖν ἁ. Hb 10:11; ἀφαιρεῖν (Ex 34:9; Is 27; 9) vs. 4; Hs 9, 28, 3; ῥυσθῆναι ἀπὸ ἁ. 1 Cl 60:3; ἀπὸ τῶν ἁ. ἀποσπασθῆναι AcPlCor 2:9. Sin as a burden αἱ ἁ. κατεβάρησαν Hs 9, 28, 6; as a disease ἰᾶσθαι Hs 9, 28, 5 (cp. Dt 30:3); s. also the verbs in question.—Looked upon as an entry in a ledger; hence ἐξαλείφεται ἡ ἁ. wiped away, cancelled (Ps 108:14; Jer 18:23; Is 43:25) Ac 3:19.—Opp. στῆσαι τὴν ἁ. 7:60; λογίζεσθαι ἁ. take account of sin (as a debt; cp. the commercial metaphor Ro 4:6 and s. FDanker, Gingrich Festschr. 104, n. 2) Ro 4:8 (Ps 31:2); 1 Cl 60:2 (Just., D. 141, 3). Pass. ἁ. οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται is not entered in the account Ro 5:13 (GFriedrich, TLZ 77, ’52, 523–28). Of sinners ὀφειλέτης ἁ. Pol 6:1 (cp. SIG 1042, 14–16 [II A.D.] ὸ̔ς ἂν δὲ πολυπραγμονήσῃ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἢ περιεργάσηται, ἁμαρτίαν ὀφιλέτω Μηνὶ Τυράννωι, ἣν οὐ μὴ δύνηται ἐξειλάσασθαι).—γινώσκειν ἁ. (cp. Num 32:23) Ro 7:7; Hm 4, 1, 5. ἐπίγνωσις ἁμαρτίας Ro 3:20; ὁμολογεῖν τὰς ἁ. 1J 1:9; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁ. B 19:12; ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τὰς ἁ. Mt 3:6; Mk 1:5; Hv 3, 1, 5f; Hs 9, 23, 4; ἐξομολογεῖσθε ἀλλήλοις τὰς ἁ. confess your sins to each other Js 5:16.—ἐλέγχειν τινὰ περὶ ἁ. convict someone of sin J 8:46; cp. ἵνα σου τὰς ἁ. ἐλέγξω πρὸς τὸν κύριον that I might reveal your sins before the Lord Hv 1, 1, 5.—σεσωρευμένος ἁμαρτίαις loaded down w. sins 2 Ti 3:6; cp. ἐπισωρεύειν ταῖς ἁ. B 4:6; ἔνοχος τῆς ἁ. involved in the sin Hm 2:2; 4, 1, 5. μέτοχος τῆς ἁ. m 4, 1, 9.—In Hb sin is atoned for (ἱλάσκεσθαι τὰς ἁ. 2:17) by sacrifices θυσίαι ὑπὲρ ἁ. 5:1 (cp. 1 Cl 41:2). προσφορὰ περὶ ἁ. sin-offering 10:18; also simply περὶ ἁ. (Lev 5:11; 7:37) vss. 6, 8 (both Ps 39:7; cp. 1 Pt 3:18); προσφέρειν περὶ ἁ. bring a sin-offering Hb 5:3; cp. 10:12; 13:11. Christ has made the perfect sacrifice for sin 9:23ff; συνείδησις ἁ. consciousness of sin 10:2; ἀνάμνησις ἁ. a reminder of sins of the feast of atonement vs. 3.

ⓑ special sins (ἁ. τῆς ἀποστασίας Iren. 5, 26, 2 [Harv. II 397, 4]): πρὸς θάνατον that leads to death 1J 5:16b (ἁμαρτάνω e); opp. οὐ πρὸς θάνατον vs. 17. μεγάλη ἁ. a great sin Hv 1, 1, 8 al. (Gen 20:9; Ex 32:30 al.; cp. Schol. on Pla., Tht. 189d ἁμαρτήματα μεγάλα). μείζων ἁ. m 11:4; ἥττων 1 Cl 47:4. μεγάλη κ. ἀνίατος Hm 5, 2, 4; τέλειαι ἁ. Hv 1, 2, 1; B 8:1, cp. τὸ τέλειον τῶν ἁ. 5:11 (Philo, Mos. 1, 96 κατὰ τῶν τέλεια ἡμαρτηκότων); ἡ προτέρα ἁ. (Arrian, Anab. 7, 23, 8 εἴ τι πρότερον ἡμάρτηκας) sin committed before baptism Hm 4, 1, 11; 4, 3, 3; Hs 8, 11, 3; cp. v 2, 1, 2.

② a state of being sinful, sinfulness, a prominent feature in Johannine thought, and opposed to ἀλήθεια; hence ἁ. ἔχειν J 9:41; 15:24; 1J 1:8. μείζονα ἁ. ἔχειν J 19:11; ἁ. μένει 9:41. γεννᾶσθαι ἐν ἁμαρτίαις be born in sin 9:34 (ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ v.l).; opp. ἐν ἁ. ἀποθανεῖν die in sin 8:21, 24; AcPl Ha 1, 16. ἁ. ἐν αὐτῷ οὐκ ἔστιν 1J 3:5.

③ a destructive evil power, sin

ⓐ Paul thinks of sin almost in pers. terms (cp. Sir 27:10; Mel., P. 50, 359; PGM 4, 1448 w. other divinities of the nether world, also Ἁμαρτίαι χθόνιαι; Dibelius, Geisterwelt 119ff) as a ruling power that invades the world. Sin came into the world Ro 5:12 (JFreundorfer, Erbsünde u. Erbtod b. Ap. Pls 1927; ELohmeyer, ZNW 29, 1930, 1–59; JSchnitzer, D. Erbsünde im Lichte d. Religionsgesch. ’31; ROtto, Sünde u. Urschuld ’32; FDanker, Ro 5:12: Sin under Law: NTS 14, ’67/68, 424–39), reigns there vs. 21; 6:14; everything was subject to it Gal 3:22; people serve it Ro 6:6; are its slaves vss. 17, 20; are sold into its service 7:14 or set free from it 6:22; it has its law 7:23; 8:2; it revives (ἀνέζησεν) Ro 7:9 or is dead vs. 8; it pays its wages, viz., death 6:23, cp. 5:12 (see lit. s.v. ἐπί 6c). As a pers. principle it dwells in humans Ro 7:17, 20, viz., in the flesh (s. σάρξ 2cα) 8:3; cp. vs. 2; 7:25. The earthly body is hence a σῶμα τῆς ἁ. 6:6 (Col 2:11 v.l.).—As abstr. for concr. τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁ. ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν (God) made him, who never sinned, to be sin (i.e. the guilty one) for our sakes 2 Cor 5:21.

ⓑ In Hb (as in OT) sin appears as the power that deceives humanity and leads it to destruction, whose influence and activity can be ended only by sacrifices (s. 1a end): ἀπάτη τῆς ἁ. Hb 3:13.—On the whole word s. ἁμαρτάνω, end. GMoore, Judaism I 445–52; ABüchler, Studies in Sin and Atonement in the Rabb. Lit. of the I Cent. 1928; WKnuth, D. Begriff der Sünde b. Philon v. Alex., diss. Jena ’34; EThomas, The Problem of Sin in the NT 1927; Dodd 76–81; DDaube, Sin, Ignorance and Forgiveness in the Bible, ’61; AGelin and ADescamps, Sin in the Bible, ’65.—On the special question ‘The Christian and Sin’ see PWernle 1897; HWindisch 1908; EHedström 1911; RBultmann, ZNW 23, 1924, 123–40; Windisch, ibid. 265–81; RSchulz, D. Frage nach der Selbsttätigkt. d. Menschen im sittl. Leben b. Pls., diss. Hdlb. ’40.—JAddison, ATR 33, ’51, 137–48; KKuhn, πειρασμός ἁμαρτία σάρξ im NT: ZTK 49, ’52, 200–222; JBremer, Hamartia ’69 (Gk. views).—B. 1182. EDNT. DELG s.v. ἁμαρτάνω. M-M. TW.

⁺ V 2-1-5-10-15=33 Gn 42,27; Ex 3,5; Jos 5,15; Is 5,27; 14,17

A: to loose, to untie (bounds) [τι] Jb 39,5; to unbind, to unfasten, to open (a sack) [τι] Gn 42,27; to untie, to loose

M: to dishevel (hair) [τι] 3 Mc 1,4

ἐν τῷ λῦσαι τὸν νόμον when he opened the (book of the) law, when he explained or set forth the law 1 Ezr 9,46; οἳ ἔλυσαν μήτραν παρθένου who loosened, opened up the womb of a virgin (used euph- emistically of sexual intercourse) Jdt 9,2, cpr. Am 1,11

Cf. BASSER 1985, 297-300; HILL 1967, 49; MOORE 1985, 191; →TWNT

(→ἀναλύω, ἀπολύω, διαλύω, ἐκλύω, καταλύω, παραλύω, περιλύω, συλλύω, ὑπολύω,,)

ἁμάρτημα, τος, τό (w. mngs. ranging fr. involuntary mistake to serious moral default: Arist., EN 1135b; Pre-Socr., Soph. et al.; Diod S 14, 76, 4 εἰς θεοὺς ἁμαρτήματα; POxy 34 III, 13; PTebt 5, 3 [s. ἀγνόημα]; PParis 63 XIII, 2ff; BGU 1141, 8; 1185, 7; LXX; En; PsSol 17:8; TestSol D; TestAbr A 14 p. 94, 22 [Stone, p. 36]; ParJer 2:2; ApcEsdr, ApcMos; EpArist 297; Philo; Jos., Bell. 4, 348, Ant. 1, 22, 3:221 al.; Mel., P. 103, 788 [B; ἁμαρτιῶν Ch.]; Fgm. 12, 9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 [p. 60, 20]) as an individual act sin, transgression (as moral default Pla., Phd. 113e) Ro 5:16 v.l.; αἰώνιον ἁ. an everlasting sin Mk 3:29; τὰ προγεγονότα ἁμαρτήματα Ro 3:25 (s. Eunap. p. 76 [B.] τὰ προγεγενημένα τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων); cp. τῶν πάλαι αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτημάτων 2 Pt 1:9 v.l.; ἐξαλείφειν τὰ πρότερα ἁ. wipe out our former sins 2 Cl 13:1; καθαρίζεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ἁ. be cleansed fr. sins Hv 3, 2, 2; ποιεῖν ἁ. (Hdt. 7, 194, 2; Jdth 11:17; 13:16) 1 Cor 6:18. κρύπτειν τὸ ἁ. GJs 14:1; φανεροῦν τὸ ἁ. 16:1, 3. ἀφιέναι τινὶ τὰ ἁ. (1 Macc 13:39) forgive someone’s sins Mk 3:28; PtK 3 p. 15, 27; GJs 5:1; for this ἰᾶσθαι τὰ ἁ. (Pla., Gorg. 525b ἰάσιμα ἁμαρτήματα ἁμαρτάνειν) Hv 1, 1, 9; Hs 9, 23, 5; ποιεῖν ἴασιν τοῖς προτέροις ἁ. m 12, 6, 2; σῴζειν ἐκ τῶν ἁ. GJs 14:2. τελειοῦν τὰ ἁ. GPt 5:17=ASyn. 347, 60. ἵνα κἀκεῖνοι τελειωθῶσιν τοῖς ἁ. in order that they might be perfected in their sins = that the measure of their (i.e. the rebellious Israelites at the time of Moses) sins might be filled B 14:5. μετανοεῖν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁ. repent of sins 1 Cl 7:7 (Wsd 12:19 ἐπὶ ἁμαρτήμασιν μετάνοια. Cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 63 §261f ἐπὶ μετάνοιαν … τὸ ἁμάρτημα). ἐφήδεσθαι τοῖς ἁ. delight in sins Dg 9:1. OHey, Philol 83, 1928, 1–17, 137–63.—DELG s.v. ἁμαρτάνω. M-M. TW.

ἴασις, εως, ἡ (ἰάομαι; Archilochus [VII B.C.] et al.; SIG 244 I, 53; LXX; En 10:7; TestJob 38:8; TestZeb 9:8; ApcSed 10:6; Philo, Joseph.; Just., A II, 13, 4; also [for ἰάθημεν Is 53:5] D. 17, 1; 95, 3 and [on Is 11:2] D. 39, 2).

① restoration to health after a physical malady, healing, cure lit. (Hippocr., Pla. et al.; LXX; Jos., Ant. 7, 294) J 5:7 v.l. εἰς ἴασιν for healing = to heal Ac 4:30; τὸ σημεῖον τῆς ἰ. the miracle of healing vs. 22. ἰάσεις ἀποτελεῖν (s. Vett. Val. on 2) perform cures Lk 13:32; δέησις περὶ τῆς ἰ. prayer for healing B 12:7.

② deliverance from a variety of ills or conditions that lie beyond physical maladies, cure, deliverance, fig. extension of mng. 1 (Pla., Leg. 9, 862c ἴασις τῆς ἀδικίας; Lucian, Jupp. Trag. 28; Alciphron 3, 13, 2; Vett. Val. 190, 30 τῶν φαύλων ἴασιν ἀποτελεῖ; Sir 43:22; Philo, Leg. All. 2, 79 ἴ. τοῦ πάθους; Jos., Ant. 5, 41) of forgiveness of sins (Arrian, Anab. 7, 29, 2 μόνη ἴασις ἁμαρτίας ὁμολογεῖν τε ἁμαρτόντα καὶ δῆλον εἶναι ἐπʼ αὐτῷ μεταγινώσκοντα=‘the only cure for a sin is for the sinner to confess it and to show repentance for it’; Hierocles 11, 441 ἰ. γίνεται τῶν προημαρτημένων; Sir 28:3; s. also ἰάομαι 2) ἴασιν δοῦναι grant forgiveness Hm 4, 1, 11; Hs 5, 7, 3f. ἴασιν δοῦναί τινι Hs 7:4. ποιεῖν ἴασιν τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασίν τινος forgive someone’s sins m 12, 6, 2. λαμβάνειν ἴασιν παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν receive forgiveness of sins fr. the Lord Hs 8, 11, 3 (λαμβ. ἴ. as Philo, Post. Cai. 10).—DELG s.v. ἰάομαι. M-M. TW.

⁺ V 37-15-56-82-85=275 Gn 8,1; 9,15.16; 19,29; 30,22

stereotypical rendition of זכר

M: to remember [τινος] Gn 8,1; id. [περί τινος] Tob^B 4,1; id. [τι] Gn 9,16; id. [+indir. question] Jb 4,7; id. [abs.] Lam 3,19; to remind sb of sth [τινι ἐπί τινι] Neh 13,29; to consider [τι] Is 47,7; to be mindful of [τι] Dt 7,18; id. [τινος] Dt 8,18; id. [ὅτι +ind.] Dt 5,15; to remind sb of sb [πρός τινα περί τινος] Dn^LXX 5,10; to mention in prayer to God, to call to God’s remembrance Is 48,1; to proclaim, to confess with praise and adoration, to give adoring testimony [τινος] Ps 70(71),16; to believe, to obey [τινος] Nm 15,39; to become converted, to turn about Ps 21(22),28

P: to be remembered Ez 18,22

οὐ μὴ μνησθήσομαι ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν I will forget their sins, I will forgive their sins Jer 40(33),8; οὐ μέμνηται... φιλιάζειν φίλοις καὶ ἀδελφοῖς they forget their love both to friends and brethren 1 Ezr 3,22

*Na 2,6 καὶ μνησθήσονται they shall re-mind themselves (subject: their mighty men)?-ויזכרו for MT

יזכר he remembers, he thinks of (his mighty men)?

Cf. HELBING 1928, 107-109; SPICQ 1982, 459-472; →NIDNTT; TWNT

(→ἀναμιμνῄσκω, ἐπιμιμνῄσκω, καταμιμνῄσκω, προσυπομιμνῄσκω, ὑπομιμνῄσκω,,)

⁺ V 29-3-19-25-13=89 Ex 8,2; 10,5(bis); 14,28; 15,5

A: to cover [τι] Ex 8,2; to cover, to flood [τι] Ex 14,28; to cover, to envelop [τι] (of a cloud) Ex 24,15; to cover [τι] (of diseases) Lv 13,13; to overlay with (metal) [τί τινι] Ex 27,2; to cover, to protect [τινα] Sir 23,18; to hide, to conceal [τι] Jb 36,32; to hide, to disguise [abs.] Neh 3,37; id. [τι] Ps 31(32),5; to hide, to close, to make secret [τι] Dn^LXX 12,4; to cover (sins), to forgive [τι] Ps 84(85),3

M: to shelter from, to screen from [ἀπό τινος] Ez 40,43

ἐκάλυψεν αὐτοὺς ἡ γῆ they were buried Nm 16,33; ἡ αἰσχύνη τοῦ προσώπου μου ἐκάλυψέν με shame was written large on my face Ps 43(44),16

*Ez 44,20 καλύπτοντες καλύψουσι they shall carefully cover (their heads)-כסה for MT כסם they shall carefully trim (the hair of their heads)

Cf. DORIVAL 1994, 120; LE BOULLUEC 1989 123(Ex 8,2). 275(Ex 27,2); SPICQ 1982, 361; WEVERS 1990 431(Ex 27,2); →MM; TWNT

(→ἀνακαλύπτω, ἀποκαλύπτω, ἐκκαλύπτω, ἐπικαλύπτω, κατακαλύπτω, παρακαλύπτω, περικαλύπτω, συγ-, ὑποκαλύπτω,,)

ἐπικαλύπτω fut. ἐπικαλύψω; 1 aor. ἐπικάλυψα LXX. Pass.: 1 aor. ἐπεκαλύφθην; pf. ptc. ἐπικεκαλυμμένος 2 Km 5:30 (s. prec. entry; Hes. et al.; Just., D. 68, 6 and 130, 1 ἐπικεκαλυμμένως) ‘to hide from view by covering’, then by fig. extension as synonym for ‘forgive’ cover up ὧν ἐπεκαλύφθησαν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι whose sins are put out of sight Ro 4:7; 1 Cl 50:6 (both Ps 31:1).

ὀφείλημα, ατος, τό (ὀφείλω, cp. ὀφειλή; Thu. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).

① that which is owed in a financial sense, debt, one’s due (Pla., Leg. 4, 717b; Aristot., EN 8, 15, 1162b, 28; 9, 2, 1165a, 3; SIG 1108, 10 [III/II B.C.]; PHib 42, 10 [262 B.C.]; PLond III, 1203, 4 p. 10 [113 B.C.]; POxy 494, 10 ὀφειλήματα; Dt 24:10; I Esdr 3:20; 1 Macc 15:8) of wages for work done οὐ λογίζεται κατὰ χάριν ἀλλὰ κατὰ ὀφείλημα it is considered not as a favor, but as a person’s due Ro 4:4 (on the contrast χάρις–ὀφείλημα cp. Thu. 2, 40, 4 οὐκ ἐς χάριν, ἀλλʼ ἐς ὀφείλημα=‘not as a favor but as payment of an obligation’. The ref. here is to reciprocity in general).

② obligation in a moral sense, debt=sin (as Aram. חוֹבָא in rabb. lit.; s. MBlack, Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 140) ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφ. ἡμῶν forgive us our debts (=sins) Mt 6:12 (the parallel Lk 11:4 has τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν). Betz, SM 400–404.—DELG s.v. ὀφείλω. M-M. TW.